{"answer_id":"praxikon:eu:gdpr:answer:toestemming-kind","canonical_page":"https://www.praxikon.com/en/antwoord/avg/toestemming-kind","query":"From what age may a child give consent itself for an online service?","lang":"en","view":"full","mode":"gdpr","regime":"gdpr","topic":"toestemming-kind","question":"From what age may a child give consent itself for an online service?","label":"Children's consent","answer":"In the Netherlands from the age of 16. Where an online service is offered directly to a child and consent is the legal basis, that consent is lawful if the child is at least 16 years old; below that age the consent of the holder of parental responsibility is needed (Article 8(1)). Member States may set a lower age, but not below 13. The Netherlands has not done so: the Dutch GDPR Implementation Act also uses the age of sixteen (Article 5(1) UAVG). The organisation makes reasonable efforts to verify that consent (Article 8(2)).","applied_to_question":null,"matched_terms":[],"articles":[{"article":8,"source_locator":"Art. 8(1) GDPR","point":"Age limit of 16; Member States may lower it to 13.","source_title":"GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj","human_page":"https://www.praxikon.com/en/avg/artikel/8"},{"article":8,"source_locator":"Art. 8(2) GDPR","point":"Reasonable efforts to verify consent.","source_title":"GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj","human_page":"https://www.praxikon.com/en/avg/artikel/8"},{"article":null,"source_locator":"Art. 5(1) UAVG","point":"Below the age of sixteen, consent is given by the legal representative.","source_title":"UAVG (Dutch GDPR Implementation Act)","source_url":"https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0040940","human_page":null}],"case_law":[],"guidance":[{"id":"edpb-gl-05-2020","kind":"guidance","title":"Guidelines 05/2020 on consent under Regulation 2016/679","issuer":"EDPB","reference":"v1.1","ecli":null,"date":"2020-05-04","status":"final","point":"Guidelines on consent, with a section on children.","source_url":"https://www.edpb.europa.eu/documents/guideline/guidelines-052020-on-consent-under-regulation-2016679_en","human_page":null}],"enforcement":[],"open_questions":["Is the service offered directly to children?"],"human_page":"https://www.praxikon.com/en/avg/artikel/8","dataset":{"id":"praxikon-gdpr","source":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj","known_at":"2026-09-15"},"casus_check":"https://www.praxikon.com/en/casus-check","disclaimer":"General interpretation, not legal advice. The official source remains authoritative.","methodology":"https://www.praxikon.com/en/methodologie"}