{"meta":{"dataset_id":"raip:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph","dataset_version":"1.0.0","schema_version":"1.0.0","lang":"nl","effective_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","known_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","count":2,"filters":{"id":null,"type":"obligation","role":"gpai-model-provider","topic":null}},"data":[{"id":"raip:obligation:article-53-gpai","type":"obligation","slug":"article-53-gpai","version":"1.0.0","effective_at":"2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z","known_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","valid_until":null,"payload_hash_sha256":"3f92efd0a7679e586d36fb2ab8a53f8afbd657b6afacbfb93be86e0393ce3e56","label":"Artikel 53: GPAI-modelaanbieders","summary":"Documentatie-, informatie-, auteursrechten- en transparantieplichten voor aanbieders van AI-modellen voor algemene doeleinden.","topics":["gpai"],"actor_ids":["raip:actor:gpai-model-provider"],"obligation_ids":[],"change_ids":[],"action_ids":["raip:action:gpai-document"],"evidence_ids":["raip:evidence:gpai-compliance-file"],"control_ids":["raip:control:gpai-documentation-change-control"],"template_ids":["raip:template:gpai-guide"],"conditions":[{"id":"gpai-union-market","operator":"all","description":"De partij is aanbieder van een GPAI-model dat op de Uniemarkt wordt aangeboden."},{"id":"gpai-market-date-transition","operator":"any","description":"Voor modellen die vanaf 2 augustus 2025 op de markt zijn gebracht gelden de plichten vanaf dat moment. Modellen die vóór 2 augustus 2025 op de markt waren moeten uiterlijk 2 augustus 2027 voldoen."}],"exceptions":[{"id":"gpai-open-source-limited-exception","operator":"not","description":"De open-source-uitzondering is beperkt en laat onder meer het auteursrechtenbeleid en de publieke samenvatting van trainingsinhoud in stand. Voor modellen met systeemrisico gelden aanvullende plichten."}],"statements":[{"kind":"official_fact","text":"Artikel 53 geldt sinds 2 augustus 2025 voor nieuwe GPAI-modellen. Aanbieders onderhouden technische documentatie, geven informatie aan downstream-aanbieders, voeren een Unierechtelijk auteursrechtenbeleid en publiceren een voldoende gedetailleerde samenvatting van trainingsinhoud.","citations":[{"source_id":"raip:source:reg-eu-2024-1689","source_locator":"Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","eli":"http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj"}],"review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"source_checked"}},{"kind":"official_fact","text":"Aanbieders van GPAI-modellen die vóór 2 augustus 2025 op de markt waren, moeten uiterlijk 2 augustus 2027 aan de toepasselijke verplichtingen voldoen.","citations":[{"source_id":"raip:source:reg-eu-2024-1689","source_locator":"Article 113(3)(b)","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","eli":"http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj"}],"review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"source_checked"}},{"kind":"editorial_interpretation","text":"Een organisatie die alleen een extern GPAI-model gebruikt is niet daardoor automatisch GPAI-modelaanbieder. De rol in de waardeketen moet eerst worden vastgesteld.","citations":[{"source_id":"raip:source:commission-gpai-guidelines","source_locator":"Scope and provider qualification guidance","source_url":"https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/guidelines-gpai-providers","eli":null}],"review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"editorial"}},{"kind":"recommended_action","text":"Leg modelversies, rolkwalificatie, documentatie-eigenaren, downstream-informatie, auteursrechtenbeleid en trainingssamenvatting in één wijzigingsgestuurd dossier vast.","citations":[{"source_id":"raip:source:reg-eu-2024-1689","source_locator":"Article 53 and Annexes XI-XII","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","eli":"http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj"}],"review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"editorial"}}],"legal_status":"applicable","deadline_at":"2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z","links":[{"relation":"public_page","href":"https://www.praxikon.com/nl/verplichtingen/article-53-gpai","label":"Open de menselijke uitleg"},{"relation":"official_source","href":"https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/guidelines-gpai-providers","label":"Richtsnoeren voor GPAI-modelaanbieders"}],"review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"source_checked"}},{"id":"raip:obligation:article-55-gpai-systemic-risk","type":"obligation","slug":"article-55-gpai-systemic-risk","version":"1.0.0","effective_at":"2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z","known_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","valid_until":null,"payload_hash_sha256":"51b12dbf2483884c6b7b4000fc7e2e4da69409edb1c7c014e2bcab50f8c86d6f","label":"Artikel 55: GPAI-modellen met systeemrisico","summary":"Aanvullende plichten voor de zwaarste AI-modellen voor algemene doeleinden, bovenop Artikel 53.","topics":["gpai-systemic-risk"],"actor_ids":["raip:actor:gpai-model-provider"],"obligation_ids":[],"change_ids":[],"action_ids":["raip:action:article-55-gpai-systemic-risk-act"],"evidence_ids":["raip:evidence:article-55-gpai-systemic-risk-record"],"control_ids":["raip:control:article-55-gpai-systemic-risk-control"],"template_ids":["raip:template:article-55-gpai-systemic-risk-legal-text"],"conditions":[{"id":"article-55-gpai-systemic-risk-scope","operator":"all","description":"Het GPAI-model heeft capaciteiten met grote impact, vermoed bij cumulatieve trainingsrekenkracht boven 10^25 FLOPs, of is door de Commissie aangewezen."}],"exceptions":[{"id":"article-55-gpai-systemic-risk-exception","operator":"not","description":"De GPAI Code of Practice kan na de adequaatheidsbeoordeling dienen als middel om naleving aan te tonen."}],"statements":[{"kind":"official_fact","text":"Artikel 55 verplicht aanbieders van GPAI-modellen met systeemrisico tot modelevaluaties met adversarial testen, beoordeling en mitigatie van systeemrisico’s op Unieniveau, registratie en melding van ernstige incidenten, en passende cyberbeveiliging van model en infrastructuur. De verplichtingen gelden sinds 2 augustus 2025; de handhaving door het AI Office is sinds 2 augustus 2026 actief.","citations":[{"source_id":"raip:source:reg-eu-2024-1689","source_locator":"Article 55(1)-(2) with Article 51 and Article 52","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","eli":"http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj"}],"review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"source_checked"}},{"kind":"editorial_interpretation","text":"De 10^25 FLOPs-drempel is een vermoeden, geen grens waar u zich achter kunt verschuilen: de Commissie kan modellen ook op capaciteiten aanwijzen, en finetuning bovenop een bestaand model kan onder omstandigheden een eigen kwalificatie opleveren.","citations":[{"source_id":"raip:source:reg-eu-2024-1689","source_locator":"Article 55(1)-(2) with Article 51 and Article 52","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","eli":"http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj"}],"review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"editorial"}},{"kind":"recommended_action","text":"Modelaanbieders in de buurt van de drempel: richt de drempelbewaking nu in en sluit aan bij de Code of Practice om de bewijslast te dragen.","citations":[{"source_id":"raip:source:reg-eu-2024-1689","source_locator":"Article 55(1)-(2) with Article 51 and Article 52","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","eli":"http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj"}],"review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"editorial"}}],"legal_status":"applicable","deadline_at":"2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z","links":[{"relation":"public_page","href":"https://www.praxikon.com/nl/verplichtingen/article-55-gpai-systemic-risk","label":"Open de menselijke uitleg"},{"relation":"official_source","href":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","label":"Artikel 55 in EUR-Lex"}],"review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"source_checked"}}],"included":{"sources":[{"id":"raip:source:commission-gpai-guidelines","title":{"nl":"Richtsnoeren voor GPAI-modelaanbieders","en":"Guidelines for GPAI model providers"},"publisher":{"nl":"Europese Commissie","en":"European Commission"},"canonical_url":"https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/guidelines-gpai-providers","eli":null,"source_version":"checked-2026-08-08","verified_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","fingerprint_basis":"canonical_url|source_version|verified_at","source_record_hash_sha256":"b3691c417d2ea106c7767e1b78bf30f045b0172a4292cb44ba76ff45109de497","review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"source_checked"}},{"id":"raip:source:reg-eu-2024-1689","title":{"nl":"EU AI-verordening 2024/1689","en":"EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689"},"publisher":{"nl":"Europees Parlement en Raad","en":"European Parliament and Council"},"canonical_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","eli":"http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","source_version":"original-oj-2024-07-12","verified_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","fingerprint_basis":"canonical_url|source_version|verified_at","source_record_hash_sha256":"bf0fca3e1fb47ce58924f6e736d572bb5db3812c3276c0b2891fbf328c42a5c6","review":{"reviewed_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewer":"Praxikon release validation","review_method":"source_link_and_rule_validation","legal_status":"source_checked"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://0.0.0.0:3000/api/v1/obligations?lang=nl&role=gpai-model-provider","alternate":"https://0.0.0.0:3000/api/v1/obligations?lang=nl&role=gpai-model-provider&format=jsonld","licence":"https://www.praxikon.com/nl/legal/terms"}}