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Direct answer

What obligations does the provider of a GPAI model have under Article 52 of the AI Act?

Your question is about Article 52: notification of a GPAI model with systemic risk. That obligation applies today. Whether your system actually falls under it depends on conditions you assess yourself.

You determine this yourself

  • Applies to the provider of a general-purpose AI model as soon as that model meets the condition in Article 51(1), point (a): high impact capabilities, which under Article 51(2) are presumed where the cumulative amount of computation used for its training, measured in floating point operations, is greater than 10^25. The two-week period runs from the moment that requirement is met or it becomes known that it will be met. The second route to systemic risk, a Commission designation under Article 51(1), point (b), or Article 52(4), is not covered here: Article 52(1) refers only to point (a).
  • For general-purpose AI models placed on the market before 2 August 2025, Article 111(3) provides that the provider shall take the necessary steps to comply with the obligations of this Regulation by 2 August 2027. For those models the governing date is therefore 2 August 2027 and not the two-week period.

First step: Notify the Commission within two weeks.

Article 52 of the AI Act covers notification of a GPAI model with systemic risk. The provider of a general-purpose AI model that meets the condition in Article 51(1), point (a), notifies the Commission without delay and in any event within two weeks, with the information needed to demonstrate that the requirement has been met. With that notification the provider may present substantiated arguments that the model exceptionally does not present systemic risks after all. The duty sits with the provider of a GPAI model. This obligation has applied since 2 August 2025.

The conclusion and your first steps

This applies now

Your first actions

  1. Notify the Commission within two weeks. Notify the model as soon as it meets the condition in Article 51(1), point (a), or as soon as it becomes known that it will, with the information necessary to demonstrate that the requirement has been met, and with any substantiation that the model does not present systemic risks after all.
Read the official sourceChecked on

General interpretation, not legal advice. Checked against Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 and the Digital Omnibus (EU) 2026/1744; the official source remains authoritative.

Full map for your situation

Source and locator

Every statement above rests on these texts. The locator points to the place in the text, the version and the date say which edition was checked.

  • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

    European Parliament and Council, version original-oj-2024-07-12, checked on , ELI http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj

    Locators in this source

    • Article 52(1)-(6) with Article 51(1)-(3)
    • Recitals 111 to 113
    • Article 111(3)
    • Articles 91-93, 101 and 113
  • Guidelines for GPAI model providers

    European Commission, version checked-2026-08-08, checked on

    Locators in this source

    • Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025, Section 3.2 points (60) to (67) and Sections 3.2.1 and 3.2.2, points (68) to (71)

Dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.2.0, schema 1.5.0.

Execution

Implement the GPAI provider obligations for each model

As a GPAI model provider, you organise technical documentation, information for downstream providers and a copyright policy, among other duties. Models with systemic risk have additional obligations. Embed AI helps record the role, applicability, governance and evidence for each model. The source interpretation above is separate from this commercial referral by Praxikon to an affiliated brand.

See the GPAI governance approach
Does this answer your question?
Zahed Ashkara, jurist and freelance AI & Privacy Consultant

Behind this page

Zahed Ashkara

Freelance AI & Privacy Consultant, jurist