Authorised representative

The duty rests on this role. A supervisory authority addresses this role when it is not met.

1. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 49(1)-(5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

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   • Condition | any ofParagraph 4 does not except the registration but relocates it: for the systems referred to in points 1, 6 and 7 of Annex III in the areas of law enforcement, migration, asylum and border control management, the registration referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 goes into a secure non-public section of the EU database, with a limited list of fields from Annex VIII and Annex IX, and only the Commission and the national authorities referred to in Article 74(8) have access to it.
   • Condition | any ofApplies where a provider or, where applicable, an authorised representative places on the market or puts into service a high-risk AI system listed in Annex III, and where that same party places on the market or puts into service an AI system for which it has concluded that it is not high-risk according to Article 6(3).
   • Condition | any ofApplies where a deployer that is a public authority, Union institution, body, office or agency, or a person acting on their behalf, puts into service or uses a high-risk AI system listed in Annex III.
   • Condition | allRegistration is a precondition and not a notification afterwards: paragraphs 1 and 2 attach to the moment before the system is placed on the market or put into service, paragraph 3 to the moment before it is put into service or used.
   • ExceptionThis is an exception to the route and not to the duty. Paragraphs 1 and 3 except the high-risk AI systems referred to in point 2 of Annex III from registration in the EU database, and paragraph 5 provides that those systems are registered at national level. For critical infrastructure the registration therefore does not fall away: it runs through the national register rather than through the Article 71 EU database.

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 49: registration in the EU database before the system reaches the market

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 49: registration in the EU database before the system reaches the market

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-49-registration

2. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 54(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 3(5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

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   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

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   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

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   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 111(3)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

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   • Condition | allApplies where the model qualifies as a general-purpose AI model within the meaning of Article 3(63), its provider is established in a third country, and that model is placed on the Union market. The appointment is made by written mandate within the meaning of Article 3(5), which is not only given but also accepted, and it is made before the model is placed on the market. The moment at which the latter occurs is fixed less sharply for a model than for a system; see the editorial interpretation.
   • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the appointment duty applies from that moment. Providers of models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 shall, under Article 111(3), take the necessary steps to comply with the obligations of the Regulation by 2 August 2027.
   • ExceptionParagraph 6 excludes the obligation for providers of AI models released under a free and open-source licence that allows access, usage, modification and distribution, and whose parameters, including the weights, the information on the model architecture and the information on model usage, are made publicly available. That exception falls away as soon as the model presents a systemic risk. Whether a given release qualifies is a factual test that has not been settled anywhere; we read it narrowly, so a partially public release does not qualify.

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 54: authorised representative of a provider of a GPAI model

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 54: authorised representative of a provider of a GPAI model

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-54-gpai-authorised-representative

3. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 71(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Annex VIII, Sections A and C

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Annex VIII, Section B

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (42), deleting Annex VIII, Section B, points 7 and 9

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Recital 22 of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 49(4) and Annex IX

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

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   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 60(4), point (c), Article 49(4) and (5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

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   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, points (24) and (25), replacing Article 60(1), first subparagraph, and Article 60(2) and inserting Article 60a

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (40)(b) and (c), replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (c) and adding point (d)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Recital 131

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

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   • Condition | any ofApplies where a provider or authorised representative places an Annex III high-risk AI system on the market or puts it into service and registers itself and that system in accordance with Article 49, where that same party registers a system considered not to be high-risk pursuant to Article 6(3), or where a deployer that is, or that acts on behalf of, a public authority, agency or body registers itself, selects the system and registers its use.
   • ExceptionArticle 49(5) provides that high-risk AI systems referred to in point 2 of Annex III are registered at national level. For those systems the registration therefore does not run through the Article 71 EU database.
   • ExceptionParagraph 4 excludes the section referred to in Article 49(4) from public availability. For the systems referred to in points 1, 6 and 7 of Annex III in the areas of law enforcement, migration, asylum and border control management, registration takes place in a secure non-public section of the database, with fewer fields than the full Sections: Section A, points 1 to 10 with the exception of points 6, 8 and 9; Section B, points 1 to 5 and points 8 and 9; Section C, points 1, 2 and 3; and points 1, 2, 3 and 5 of Annex IX. Only the Commission and the national authorities referred to in Article 74(8) have access to those sections. Mind the cross-reference: Article 49(4) was not amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 and therefore still names point 9 of Section B, while Article 1, point (42), of that same Regulation deleted that point. There is nothing left to fill in there.
   • ExceptionParagraph 4 additionally excludes the section referred to in Article 60(4), point (c). The main rule there is not a secure section: the provider or prospective provider registers the testing in real world conditions in accordance with Article 71(4), with a Union wide unique single identification number and the information specified in Annex IX. Under the third sentence of paragraph 4 that information is accessible only to market surveillance authorities and the Commission, unless the provider or prospective provider has given consent for also making it accessible to the public. Only for points 1, 6 and 7 of Annex III does the testing registration go into the secure non-public section under Article 49(4), point (d), and for point 2 of Annex III to national level under Article 49(5).

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 71: EU database for high-risk AI systems listed in Annex III

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 71: EU database for high-risk AI systems listed in Annex III

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-71-eu-database

This role is practically affected without being the addressee: it receives the information, has to cooperate, or absorbs the consequences in its own process.

1. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Amended Article 111(2)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Amended Article 113 application dates

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: New Article 111(4)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Recital 39 of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Condition | allThe transitional rule is without prejudice to the application of Article 5, as referred to in Article 113, third paragraph, point (a). A prohibited practice remains prohibited, regardless of when the system was placed on the market or put into service and regardless of whether the design has changed.
   • Condition | allThe transitional rule concerns the high-risk requirements of Chapter III and is not an exemption from the whole Regulation. Article 4 has applied since 2 February 2025 irrespective of when a system reached the market, and Article 50 has applied to all systems in scope since 2 August 2026. The paragraph 4 added by the Digital Omnibus confirms this: it gives legacy generative systems a short extra period for Article 50(2), which would make no sense if Article 50 did not reach them.
   • Condition | allApplies to operators of high-risk AI systems placed on the market or put into service before the date of application of Chapter III referred to in Article 113, other than the systems referred to in paragraph 1 that are components of the large-scale IT systems listed in Annex X. That date is 2 December 2027 for systems that are high-risk under Article 6(2) and Annex III, and 2 August 2028 for systems that are high-risk under Article 6(1) and Annex I. For that group the high-risk requirements bite only once the systems are subject to significant changes in their designs as from that date.
   • Condition | allThe grace period runs per type and model, not per unit. If at least one individual unit of the type and model was lawfully placed on the market or put into service before the cut off date, other units of the same type and model are covered too and may be offered without additional obligations, requirements or additional certification, as long as the design remains unchanged. The decisive date is the one on which the first unit of that type and model was placed on the market or put into service in the Union.
   • Condition | allApplies independently to providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems intended to be used by public authorities. They must in any case take the necessary steps to comply with the requirements and obligations of the Regulation by 2 August 2030, even where the design remains unchanged.
   • ExceptionSystems that are components of the large-scale IT systems established by the legal acts listed in Annex X fall not under paragraph 2 but under paragraph 1. Paragraph 1 was not amended by the Digital Omnibus and keeps its own cut off: placed on the market or put into service before 2 August 2027, with compliance by 31 December 2030.

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 111(2): legacy high-risk systems and the 2 August 2030 date

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 111(2): legacy high-risk systems and the 2 August 2030 date

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-111-legacy-public-systems

2. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 18(1)-(3)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Amended Article 113 application dates

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Condition | allApplies to the provider of a high-risk AI system. The period ends ten years after the system has been placed on the market or put into service.
   • Condition | allWhere the provider is a financial institution subject to requirements regarding internal governance, arrangements or processes under Union financial services law, it maintains the technical documentation of point (a) as part of the documentation it already keeps under that law. That is not an exemption from the retention duty but an indication of the regime in which it is carried out for that one component. Paragraph 3 does not mention points (b) to (e).

   Relation recorded on: Article 18: documentation keeping

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 18: documentation keeping

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-18-document-retention

3. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 20(1)-(2)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (40)(b), of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (c), of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Condition | allApplies to providers of high-risk AI systems as soon as they consider, or have reason to consider, that a system they have placed on the market or put into service is not in conformity with this Regulation. For the standalone Annex III route (Article 6(2)) the date is 2 December 2027. For systems embedded as a safety component in products covered by the Annex I harmonisation legislation (Article 6(1)) the date is 2 August 2028.
   • Condition | any ofThe second layer in paragraph 2 is added only where the system presents a risk within the meaning of Article 79(1) and the provider becomes aware of that risk. The investigation of causes and the duty to inform the market surveillance authorities and, where applicable, the notified body that issued a certificate under Article 44, then come on top of the corrective actions under paragraph 1.
   • Condition | any ofThe distributor, the importer and the deployer appear here as affected parties, but that is not their only possible position. Anyone who puts their name or trade mark on a high-risk system already placed on the market, who substantially modifies such a system, or who changes the intended purpose of a system not classified as high-risk so that it becomes high-risk, is considered a provider under Article 25(1) and is subject to the obligations of Article 16. Point (j) of that Article routes straight to Article 20, so this provision then becomes a duty of their own rather than a notification arriving from someone else. In the trade mark case this applies without prejudice to contractual arrangements allocating the obligations otherwise.
   • ExceptionArticle 20 is by definition about systems already placed on the market or put into service, and that is exactly the group covered by the transitional rule of Article 111(2). That provision was replaced by Article 1, point (39)(a), of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 and now reads: without prejudice to the application of Article 5 as referred to in Article 113, third paragraph, point (a), this Regulation applies to operators of high-risk AI systems, other than the systems referred to in paragraph 1 of that Article, that have been placed on the market or put into service before the date of application of Chapter III referred to in Article 113, only if, as from that date, those systems are subject to significant changes in their designs. The cut-off is therefore no longer a fixed date in paragraph 2: the date of 2 August 2026 that stood there until that amendment has been removed, and the amended paragraph names no date of its own. The carve-out in paragraph 1 covers systems that are components of the large-scale IT systems listed in Annex X; paragraph 1 was not amended and keeps a cut-off of its own. For systems intended to be used by public authorities the reprieve in paragraph 2 does not hold: there, compliance with the requirements and obligations is due by 2 August 2030 in any event. Which date of application of Chapter III is the cut-off is an open point: the object on Article 111 reads it as route dependent, so 2 December 2027 for the Annex III route and 2 August 2028 for the Annex I route, and marks that reading expressly as preliminary. That question is carried there, not here.

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 20: corrective actions and duty of information

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 20: corrective actions and duty of information

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-20-corrective-actions

4. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 21(1)-(3)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

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   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 12(1); Article 19(1); Article 21(1)-(3); Article 22(3); Article 26(6); Article 74(1); Article 78; Article 99(5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (34), amending Article 77; Article 1, point (38)(b), inserting point (da) into Article 99(4)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (40)(b), replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (c)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (39)(a), replacing Article 111(2)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (2)(a), replacing Article 2(2); Article 1, point (41), amending Annex I

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Condition | allApplies to providers of high-risk AI systems as soon as a competent authority makes a reasoned request. For the standalone Annex III route (Article 6(2)) the date is 2 December 2027. For systems that are high-risk under Article 6(1) and relate to products covered by Annex I, Section A, the date is 2 August 2028. For products covered by Annex I, Section B, Article 21 does not apply at all: amended Article 2(2) makes only Article 6(1), Article 60a and Articles 102 to 112 applicable there, and Article 21 is not on that list. That is not a corner case, because the Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 has been moved from Section A to Section B. Note also the new Article 2(13): for systems under Annex I, Section A, the Commission may limit the application of Articles 17 to 25, and therefore of Article 21, by delegated act.
   • Condition | any ofFor systems already running, the amended Article 111(2) applies: without prejudice to the application of Article 5 as referred to in Article 113, third paragraph, point (a), the Regulation applies to operators of high-risk AI systems, other than those referred to in Article 111(1), placed on the market or put into service before the date of application of Chapter III referred to in Article 113, only if, as from that date, those systems are subject to significant changes in their designs. The reference date is therefore no longer 2 August 2026 but whichever date applies to the system: 2 December 2027 for the Annex III route and 2 August 2028 for the Annex I route. For systems intended to be used by public authorities the date of 2 August 2030 applies in any case.
   • Condition | allWhat the authority obtains pursuant to this Article is treated in accordance with the confidentiality obligations of Article 78. That is not a limit on the duty to supply and therefore not an exception: it is how what you supplied is handled on the receiving side.
   • ExceptionParagraph 2 carries two limits, not one. Access to the automatically generated logs applies "as applicable", and it applies "to the extent such logs are under their control". Logs held solely by the deployer therefore fall outside what the provider can supply under this Article; the deployer keeps those logs itself under Article 26(6).

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 21: cooperation with competent authorities

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 21: cooperation with competent authorities

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-21-cooperation-with-authorities

5. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 99(1)-(11)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (38)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 113, third paragraph, point (b)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (40)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 100(1)-(3)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (32)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

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   • Condition | allRelevant as soon as you are an operator within the meaning of the Regulation, that is a provider, product manufacturer, deployer, authorised representative, importer or distributor, and one of the provisions named in Article 99(3), (4) or (5) is engaged. The Article 101 regime is additionally relevant where you are a provider of a general-purpose AI model, because there the Commission fines you itself. If you fall within the competence of the AI Office under Article 75(1), Article 75c is added on top.
   • ExceptionParagraph 6 reverses the calculation for SMEs, including start-ups: for them the lower of the percentage and the amount applies, where for other undertakings it is the higher of the two, and it does so for every fine referred to in Article 99. The inserted paragraph 6a does the same for small mid-cap enterprises, but expressly only for paragraphs 4 and 5, so the Article 5 band is not reversed for them. Paragraph 8 leaves it to each Member State to determine to what extent administrative fines may be imposed on public authorities and bodies established in that Member State, so the ceiling for a public organisation does not follow from the Regulation. Paragraph 9 allows the fine to be imposed by the competent national courts or by other bodies rather than by the authority in some Member States.

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 99, 100 and 101: the penalty structure per obligation

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 99, 100 and 101: the penalty structure per obligation

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-99-101-penalties

This duty holder creates, maintains and can produce the evidence.

1. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 49(1)-(5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

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   • Condition | any ofParagraph 4 does not except the registration but relocates it: for the systems referred to in points 1, 6 and 7 of Annex III in the areas of law enforcement, migration, asylum and border control management, the registration referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 goes into a secure non-public section of the EU database, with a limited list of fields from Annex VIII and Annex IX, and only the Commission and the national authorities referred to in Article 74(8) have access to it.
   • Condition | any ofApplies where a provider or, where applicable, an authorised representative places on the market or puts into service a high-risk AI system listed in Annex III, and where that same party places on the market or puts into service an AI system for which it has concluded that it is not high-risk according to Article 6(3).
   • Condition | any ofApplies where a deployer that is a public authority, Union institution, body, office or agency, or a person acting on their behalf, puts into service or uses a high-risk AI system listed in Annex III.
   • Condition | allRegistration is a precondition and not a notification afterwards: paragraphs 1 and 2 attach to the moment before the system is placed on the market or put into service, paragraph 3 to the moment before it is put into service or used.
   • ExceptionThis is an exception to the route and not to the duty. Paragraphs 1 and 3 except the high-risk AI systems referred to in point 2 of Annex III from registration in the EU database, and paragraph 5 provides that those systems are registered at national level. For critical infrastructure the registration therefore does not fall away: it runs through the national register rather than through the Article 71 EU database.

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 49: registration in the EU database before the system reaches the market

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 49: registration in the EU database before the system reaches the market

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-49-registration

2. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 54(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 3(5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 111(3)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   Via

   • Condition | allApplies where the model qualifies as a general-purpose AI model within the meaning of Article 3(63), its provider is established in a third country, and that model is placed on the Union market. The appointment is made by written mandate within the meaning of Article 3(5), which is not only given but also accepted, and it is made before the model is placed on the market. The moment at which the latter occurs is fixed less sharply for a model than for a system; see the editorial interpretation.
   • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the appointment duty applies from that moment. Providers of models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 shall, under Article 111(3), take the necessary steps to comply with the obligations of the Regulation by 2 August 2027.
   • ExceptionParagraph 6 excludes the obligation for providers of AI models released under a free and open-source licence that allows access, usage, modification and distribution, and whose parameters, including the weights, the information on the model architecture and the information on model usage, are made publicly available. That exception falls away as soon as the model presents a systemic risk. Whether a given release qualifies is a factual test that has not been settled anywhere; we read it narrowly, so a partially public release does not qualify.

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 54: authorised representative of a provider of a GPAI model

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 54: authorised representative of a provider of a GPAI model

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-54-gpai-authorised-representative

3. Source

   Official fact on this object, with its locator.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 71(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Annex VIII, Sections A and C

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Annex VIII, Section B

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (42), deleting Annex VIII, Section B, points 7 and 9

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Recital 22 of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 49(4) and Annex IX

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 60(4), point (c), Article 49(4) and (5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, points (24) and (25), replacing Article 60(1), first subparagraph, and Article 60(2) and inserting Article 60a

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (40)(b) and (c), replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (c) and adding point (d)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Recital 131

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   Via

   • Condition | any ofApplies where a provider or authorised representative places an Annex III high-risk AI system on the market or puts it into service and registers itself and that system in accordance with Article 49, where that same party registers a system considered not to be high-risk pursuant to Article 6(3), or where a deployer that is, or that acts on behalf of, a public authority, agency or body registers itself, selects the system and registers its use.
   • ExceptionArticle 49(5) provides that high-risk AI systems referred to in point 2 of Annex III are registered at national level. For those systems the registration therefore does not run through the Article 71 EU database.
   • ExceptionParagraph 4 excludes the section referred to in Article 49(4) from public availability. For the systems referred to in points 1, 6 and 7 of Annex III in the areas of law enforcement, migration, asylum and border control management, registration takes place in a secure non-public section of the database, with fewer fields than the full Sections: Section A, points 1 to 10 with the exception of points 6, 8 and 9; Section B, points 1 to 5 and points 8 and 9; Section C, points 1, 2 and 3; and points 1, 2, 3 and 5 of Annex IX. Only the Commission and the national authorities referred to in Article 74(8) have access to those sections. Mind the cross-reference: Article 49(4) was not amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 and therefore still names point 9 of Section B, while Article 1, point (42), of that same Regulation deleted that point. There is nothing left to fill in there.
   • ExceptionParagraph 4 additionally excludes the section referred to in Article 60(4), point (c). The main rule there is not a secure section: the provider or prospective provider registers the testing in real world conditions in accordance with Article 71(4), with a Union wide unique single identification number and the information specified in Annex IX. Under the third sentence of paragraph 4 that information is accessible only to market surveillance authorities and the Commission, unless the provider or prospective provider has given consent for also making it accessible to the public. Only for points 1, 6 and 7 of Annex III does the testing registration go into the secure non-public section under Article 49(4), point (d), and for point 2 of Annex III to national level under Article 49(5).

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Article 71: EU database for high-risk AI systems listed in Annex III

   Consequence

   • ObligationArticle 71: EU database for high-risk AI systems listed in Annex III

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-71-eu-database

The object is about this role. Undifferentiated: it does not follow that the duty rests on this role.

1. Source

   This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 54(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 3(5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 111(3)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   Via

   • Condition | allTo be carried out before the model is placed on the Union market, and to be revisited on every change to the model, to the provider establishment or to the licence under which the model is released. For models placed on the market before 2 August 2025, the Article 111(3) period runs until 2 August 2027.

   Relation recorded on: Appoint an authorised representative and record the mandate

   Consequence

   • ActionAppoint an authorised representative and record the mandate

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:action:appoint-gpai-authorised-representative

2. Source

   This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 60(1)-(4), Article 60(9), Article 113

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   Via

   • Condition | allApplies before you start testing in real world conditions outside a sandbox. All conditions in Article 60(4) must be met cumulatively; it is not a menu.
   • ExceptionTacit approval after 30 days applies only where national law provides for it. Where national law does not, express authorisation remains required. For the systems referred to in Annex III, points 1, 6 and 7, in law enforcement, migration, asylum and border control, registration runs through the secure non-public section of the EU database under Article 49(4), point (d). For the systems referred to in Annex III, point 2, critical infrastructure, a different route applies: Article 49(5) requires registration at national level.

   As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

   Relation recorded on: Submit the testing plan, obtain approval and register the test

   Consequence

   • ActionSubmit the testing plan, obtain approval and register the test

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:action:article-60-testing-plan-and-authorisation

3. Source

   This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 99(1)-(11)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (38)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 113, third paragraph, point (b)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (40)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 100(1)-(3)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (32)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   Via

   • Condition | allTo be done as soon as your obligations register exists, and to be revisited on every amendment of the Regulation and on every change to the national penalty regime of a Member State in which you operate. No deadline attaches to it: this is an editorial recommendation.

   Relation recorded on: Assign to each obligation the penalty ceiling that belongs to it

   Consequence

   • ActionAssign to each obligation the penalty ceiling that belongs to it

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:action:article-99-101-map-penalty-tiers

4. Source

   This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 71(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Annex VIII, Sections A and C

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Annex VIII, Section B

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (42), deleting Annex VIII, Section B, points 7 and 9

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Recital 22 of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 49(4) and Annex IX

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 60(4), point (c), Article 49(4) and (5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, points (24) and (25), replacing Article 60(1), first subparagraph, and Article 60(2) and inserting Article 60a

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (40)(b) and (c), replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (c) and adding point (d)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Recital 131

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   Via

   • Condition | allTo be carried out before the system is placed on the market, put into service or used, and again on every change that touches one of the entered fields.

   Relation recorded on: Enter your data in the EU database and keep it up to date

   Consequence

   • ActionEnter your data in the EU database and keep it up to date

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:action:enter-and-maintain-eu-database-data

5. Source

   This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 21(1)-(3)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 12(1); Article 19(1); Article 21(1)-(3); Article 22(3); Article 26(6); Article 74(1); Article 78; Article 99(5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (34), amending Article 77; Article 1, point (38)(b), inserting point (da) into Article 99(4)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (40)(b), replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (c)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (39)(a), replacing Article 111(2)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (2)(a), replacing Article 2(2); Article 1, point (41), amending Annex I

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   Via

   • Condition | allTo be set up before the system is placed on the market or put into service, and to be revisited on every change that produces a new system version or that alters where the logs are held. For a provider established outside the Union, the authorised representative of Article 22 belongs in the same arrangement, because the request may land with him.

   Relation recorded on: Make your conformity file deliverable on request

   Consequence

   • ActionMake your conformity file deliverable on request

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:action:prepare-authority-information-request

6. Source

   This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 49(1)-(5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   Via

   • Condition | allArises on every release of an Annex III system, on every application of Article 6(3) to such a system, and on every putting into service by a public authority or by a party acting on its behalf.

   Relation recorded on: Register yourself and the system before it reaches the market or is put into service

   Consequence

   • ActionRegister yourself and the system before it reaches the market or is put into service

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:action:register-in-eu-database-before-market-entry

7. Source

   This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 49(1)-(5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   Via

   No condition or exception recorded on this object.

   Relation recorded on: Release gate: no market entry without registration

   Consequence

   • ControlRelease gate: no market entry without registration

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:control:article-49-pre-market-registration-gate

8. Source

   This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 99(1)-(11)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (38)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 113, third paragraph, point (b)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (40)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 100(1)-(3)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (32)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   Via

   No condition or exception recorded on this object.

   Relation recorded on: Recording of the factors in Article 99(7)

   Consequence

   • ControlRecording of the factors in Article 99(7)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:control:article-99-101-mitigating-factor-record

9. Source

   This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 71(1)-(6)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Annex VIII, Sections A and C

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Annex VIII, Section B

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (42), deleting Annex VIII, Section B, points 7 and 9

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Recital 22 of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 49(4) and Annex IX

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Article 60(4), point (c), Article 49(4) and (5)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, points (24) and (25), replacing Article 60(1), first subparagraph, and Article 60(2) and inserting Article 60a

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

     Locator: Article 1, point (40)(b) and (c), replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (c) and adding point (d)

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

     Open official source

   • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

     Locator: Recital 131

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

     Open official source

   Via

   No condition or exception recorded on this object.

   Relation recorded on: Currency check on the database entry

   Consequence

   • ControlCurrency check on the database entry

     praxikon:eu:ai-act:control:eu-database-entry-currency

10. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 54(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 3(5)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: Periodic review and termination of the mandate

    Consequence

    • ControlPeriodic review and termination of the mandate

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:control:gpai-mandate-review

11. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 3(5)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe authorised representative is located or established in the Union and has received and accepted a written mandate.

    Relation recorded on: Authorised representative

    Consequence

    • DefinitionAuthorised representative

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:definition:definitie-gemachtigde

12. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 3(8)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: Operator

    Consequence

    • DefinitionOperator

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:definition:definitie-operator