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Actorv1.0.0

Provider of a GPAI model

A party that places a general-purpose AI model on the Union market.

The official source remains authoritative. This is general information about obligations and not legal advice. See this object on the map

Address and citation

This object has an address of its own that is never renamed or reused. Store the identifier in your own file, not the title or the link.

Identifier
praxikon:eu:ai-act:actor:gpai-model-provider
Payload hash (sha256)
b7d30d797a24d785ce56151a6038c71211a66a2894277e0a39faab35f93f488b

Citation line

Praxikon, "Provider of a GPAI model", praxikon:eu:ai-act:actor:gpai-model-provider@1.0.0, dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.2.0 (schema 1.5.0), effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-09-06T00:00:00.000Z, sha256 b7d30d797a24d785ce56151a6038c71211a66a2894277e0a39faab35f93f488b
Version
1.0.0
Legal time (effective_at)
1 August 2024
Knowledge time (known_at)
8 August 2026
Closed on
Not closed
Topics
gpai

Review status: Editorially reviewed (8 August 2026). Next check due by 4 February 2027. The check date is the knowledge date of this version; no later recheck has been recorded.

What this object links to

Every relation appears below as a path: from the source with its locator, through the conditions and exceptions of the object carrying the relation, to the consequence. A locator belongs to a statement in the data and not to a relation, so the source is the source anchor of the carrying object.

On this time pin this object has no relations that resolve.

What points at this object

Duties resting on this role

6 of 6 shown

The duty rests on this role. A supervisory authority addresses this role when it is not met.

  1. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, points (17) and (18), amending Article 40(2) and Article 42

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 40(1) to (3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 41(1) to (3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 41(4), (5) and (6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 42(1) and (2)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe presumption in Article 40(1) arises only where the references of the harmonised standard have been published in the Official Journal of the European Union in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012, and it reaches only to the extent that those standards cover those requirements or obligations. The same holds for the cybersecurity certification of Article 42(2), the references of which must likewise have been published in the Official Journal.
    • Condition | allThe justification duty of Article 41(5) arises only where a common specification has actually been established by implementing act for the requirement concerned and the provider does not apply it. Where no such specification exists, there is nothing to depart from and you demonstrate conformity by the ordinary route.
    • ExceptionA presumption of conformity is not a finding of compliance. The text says the system shall be presumed to be in conformity, and only in so far as the standard or the specification covers the requirements or obligations concerned. Outside that coverage the burden of proof rests fully on the provider, and a market surveillance authority can rebut the presumption where the system in fact does not meet the requirements.
    • ExceptionArticle 41(4) makes a common specification lapse as soon as the standard exists: when reference to a harmonised standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union, the Commission repeals the implementing acts, or parts thereof, which cover the same requirements or obligations. A file leaning on a repealed specification thereby loses its basis.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Articles 40 to 42: standards, common specifications and presumption of conformity

    Consequence

  2. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point 6, inserting Article 4a: Article 4a(1), points (a) to (f), and Article 4a(2), points (a) and (b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point 6 (insertion) and point 9 (Article 10 amended, paragraph 5 deleted)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point 2(b), replacing Article 2(7)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Recital 9, Article 4 (entry into force) and Article 1, point 40(a), replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (a)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allParagraph 1 is open only to the provider of a high-risk AI system, and only to the extent that the processing is strictly necessary to detect and correct bias in accordance with Article 10(2), points (f) and (g). The deployer cannot rely on this paragraph, not even for a high-risk system; for the deployer the route runs through paragraph 2.
    • Condition | allParagraph 2 is open to providers and deployers of other AI systems and models and to deployers of high-risk AI systems, but carries its own substantive threshold: the processing must be strictly necessary in view of possible biases that are likely to affect the health and safety of persons, have a negative impact on fundamental rights or lead to discrimination prohibited under Union law, especially where data outputs influence inputs for future operations. Bias without one of those consequences falls outside it.
    • Condition | allThe six conditions in paragraph 1 are cumulative and, through paragraph 2, point (b), apply to the wider circle as well: (a) other data, including synthetic or anonymised data, demonstrably do not suffice; (b) technical limitations on re-use apply plus state of the art security and privacy preserving measures, including pseudonymisation; (c) there is strict access control with documentation and confidentiality; (d) the data are not transmitted, transferred or otherwise accessed by other parties; (e) they are deleted once the bias has been corrected or the retention period ends, whichever comes first; (f) the record of processing activities states why the processing was strictly necessary and why the objective could not be achieved with other data.
    • ExceptionParagraph 2 closes by providing that it creates no obligation to carry out bias detection and correction. Article 4a is therefore a basis and not an instruction: without carrying out such processing there is nothing to comply with under this article, there is no date by which anything must be done, and outside the purpose of bias detection and correction it grants no room at all.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 4a: legal basis for bias testing with special categories of personal data

    Consequence

  3. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 52(1)-(6) with Article 51(1)-(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Recitals 111 to 113

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Guidelines for GPAI model providers

      Locator: Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025, Section 3.2 points (60) to (67) and Sections 3.2.1 and 3.2.2, points (68) to (71)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelines

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Articles 91-93, 101 and 113

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allApplies to the provider of a general-purpose AI model as soon as that model meets the condition in Article 51(1), point (a): high impact capabilities, which under Article 51(2) are presumed where the cumulative amount of computation used for its training, measured in floating point operations, is greater than 10^25. The two-week period runs from the moment that requirement is met or it becomes known that it will be met. The second route to systemic risk, a Commission designation under Article 51(1), point (b), or Article 52(4), is not covered here: Article 52(1) refers only to point (a).
    • ExceptionFor general-purpose AI models placed on the market before 2 August 2025, Article 111(3) provides that the provider shall take the necessary steps to comply with the obligations of this Regulation by 2 August 2027. For those models the governing date is therefore 2 August 2027 and not the two-week period.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 52: notification of a GPAI model with systemic risk

    Consequence

  4. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 53: GPAI model providers

    Consequence

  5. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 54(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 3(5)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allApplies where the model qualifies as a general-purpose AI model within the meaning of Article 3(63), its provider is established in a third country, and that model is placed on the Union market. The appointment is made by written mandate within the meaning of Article 3(5), which is not only given but also accepted, and it is made before the model is placed on the market. The moment at which the latter occurs is fixed less sharply for a model than for a system; see the editorial interpretation.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the appointment duty applies from that moment. Providers of models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 shall, under Article 111(3), take the necessary steps to comply with the obligations of the Regulation by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionParagraph 6 excludes the obligation for providers of AI models released under a free and open-source licence that allows access, usage, modification and distribution, and whose parameters, including the weights, the information on the model architecture and the information on model usage, are made publicly available. That exception falls away as soon as the model presents a systemic risk. Whether a given release qualifies is a factual test that has not been settled anywhere; we read it narrowly, so a partially public release does not qualify.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 54: authorised representative of a provider of a GPAI model

    Consequence

  6. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 55(1)-(2) with Article 51 and Article 52

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe GPAI model has high-impact capabilities, presumed above 10^25 FLOPs of cumulative training compute, or is designated by the Commission.
    • ExceptionThe GPAI Code of Practice can, following the adequacy assessment, serve as a means to demonstrate compliance.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 55: GPAI models with systemic risk

    Consequence

What affects this role without the duty resting on it

3 of 3 shown

This role is practically affected without being the addressee: it receives the information, has to cooperate, or absorbs the consequences in its own process.

  1. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 56(1)-(9)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point (21), replacing Article 56(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | any ofArises for the provider of a general-purpose AI model: it may be invited under paragraph 3 to participate in the drawing up of a code of practice, and under paragraph 7 to adhere to a code of practice.
    • Condition | any ofArises for other stakeholders: paragraph 3 names civil society organisations, industry, academia and other relevant stakeholders, such as downstream providers and independent experts, that may support the process.
    • ExceptionParagraph 7 provides that for providers of general-purpose AI models not presenting systemic risks this adherence may be limited to the obligations provided for in Article 53, unless they declare explicitly their interest to join the full code. A provider without a systemic-risk model therefore does not have to sign up to the systemic-risk part in order to rely on the code.
    • ExceptionArticle 56 does not impose a separate obligation on the provider. Paragraphs 3 and 7 speak of inviting, not of requiring, and the obligations themselves remain those of Articles 53 and 55. Not signing is therefore not an infringement of Article 56.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 56: codes of practice for general-purpose AI models

    Consequence

  2. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 78(1)-(5)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allApplies to all information and data obtained by the Commission, the market surveillance authorities, the notified bodies and any other natural or legal person involved in the application of this Regulation in carrying out their tasks and activities. The protection operates in accordance with Union or national law and not on its own.
    • Condition | allParagraph 2 limits what an authority may request: only data that is strictly necessary for the assessment of the risk posed by AI systems and for the exercise of its powers in accordance with this Regulation and with Regulation (EU) 2019/1020. Two follow-on duties attach to that: adequate and effective cybersecurity measures, and deletion as soon as the data is no longer needed for the purpose for which it was obtained.
    • ExceptionThe protection of intellectual property, confidential business information and trade secrets, including source code, applies except in the cases referred to in Article 5 of Directive (EU) 2016/943. Point (a) of paragraph 1 says so in as many words.
    • ExceptionParagraph 4 provides that paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 do not affect the rights or obligations of the Commission, the Member States and their relevant authorities, or those of notified bodies, with regard to the exchange of information and the dissemination of warnings, including in the context of cross-border cooperation, nor the obligations of the parties concerned to provide information under criminal law of the Member States. Confidentiality under this article is therefore not a duty of silence between authorities.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 78: confidentiality of what you submit to an authority

    Consequence

  3. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 99(1)-(11)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (38)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113, third paragraph, point (b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (40)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 100(1)-(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (32)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allRelevant as soon as you are an operator within the meaning of the Regulation, that is a provider, product manufacturer, deployer, authorised representative, importer or distributor, and one of the provisions named in Article 99(3), (4) or (5) is engaged. The Article 101 regime is additionally relevant where you are a provider of a general-purpose AI model, because there the Commission fines you itself. If you fall within the competence of the AI Office under Article 75(1), Article 75c is added on top.
    • ExceptionParagraph 6 reverses the calculation for SMEs, including start-ups: for them the lower of the percentage and the amount applies, where for other undertakings it is the higher of the two, and it does so for every fine referred to in Article 99. The inserted paragraph 6a does the same for small mid-cap enterprises, but expressly only for paragraphs 4 and 5, so the Article 5 band is not reversed for them. Paragraph 8 leaves it to each Member State to determine to what extent administrative fines may be imposed on public authorities and bodies established in that Member State, so the ceiling for a public organisation does not follow from the Regulation. Paragraph 9 allows the fine to be imposed by the competent national courts or by other bodies rather than by the authority in some Member States.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 99, 100 and 101: the penalty structure per obligation

    Consequence

Evidence this role owns

6 of 6 shown

This duty holder creates, maintains and can produce the evidence.

  1. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, points (17) and (18), amending Article 40(2) and Article 42

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 40(1) to (3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 41(1) to (3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 41(4), (5) and (6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 42(1) and (2)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe presumption in Article 40(1) arises only where the references of the harmonised standard have been published in the Official Journal of the European Union in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012, and it reaches only to the extent that those standards cover those requirements or obligations. The same holds for the cybersecurity certification of Article 42(2), the references of which must likewise have been published in the Official Journal.
    • Condition | allThe justification duty of Article 41(5) arises only where a common specification has actually been established by implementing act for the requirement concerned and the provider does not apply it. Where no such specification exists, there is nothing to depart from and you demonstrate conformity by the ordinary route.
    • ExceptionA presumption of conformity is not a finding of compliance. The text says the system shall be presumed to be in conformity, and only in so far as the standard or the specification covers the requirements or obligations concerned. Outside that coverage the burden of proof rests fully on the provider, and a market surveillance authority can rebut the presumption where the system in fact does not meet the requirements.
    • ExceptionArticle 41(4) makes a common specification lapse as soon as the standard exists: when reference to a harmonised standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union, the Commission repeals the implementing acts, or parts thereof, which cover the same requirements or obligations. A file leaning on a repealed specification thereby loses its basis.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Articles 40 to 42: standards, common specifications and presumption of conformity

    Consequence

  2. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point 6, inserting Article 4a: Article 4a(1), points (a) to (f), and Article 4a(2), points (a) and (b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point 6 (insertion) and point 9 (Article 10 amended, paragraph 5 deleted)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point 2(b), replacing Article 2(7)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Recital 9, Article 4 (entry into force) and Article 1, point 40(a), replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (a)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allParagraph 1 is open only to the provider of a high-risk AI system, and only to the extent that the processing is strictly necessary to detect and correct bias in accordance with Article 10(2), points (f) and (g). The deployer cannot rely on this paragraph, not even for a high-risk system; for the deployer the route runs through paragraph 2.
    • Condition | allParagraph 2 is open to providers and deployers of other AI systems and models and to deployers of high-risk AI systems, but carries its own substantive threshold: the processing must be strictly necessary in view of possible biases that are likely to affect the health and safety of persons, have a negative impact on fundamental rights or lead to discrimination prohibited under Union law, especially where data outputs influence inputs for future operations. Bias without one of those consequences falls outside it.
    • Condition | allThe six conditions in paragraph 1 are cumulative and, through paragraph 2, point (b), apply to the wider circle as well: (a) other data, including synthetic or anonymised data, demonstrably do not suffice; (b) technical limitations on re-use apply plus state of the art security and privacy preserving measures, including pseudonymisation; (c) there is strict access control with documentation and confidentiality; (d) the data are not transmitted, transferred or otherwise accessed by other parties; (e) they are deleted once the bias has been corrected or the retention period ends, whichever comes first; (f) the record of processing activities states why the processing was strictly necessary and why the objective could not be achieved with other data.
    • ExceptionParagraph 2 closes by providing that it creates no obligation to carry out bias detection and correction. Article 4a is therefore a basis and not an instruction: without carrying out such processing there is nothing to comply with under this article, there is no date by which anything must be done, and outside the purpose of bias detection and correction it grants no room at all.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 4a: legal basis for bias testing with special categories of personal data

    Consequence

  3. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 52(1)-(6) with Article 51(1)-(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Recitals 111 to 113

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Guidelines for GPAI model providers

      Locator: Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025, Section 3.2 points (60) to (67) and Sections 3.2.1 and 3.2.2, points (68) to (71)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelines

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Articles 91-93, 101 and 113

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allApplies to the provider of a general-purpose AI model as soon as that model meets the condition in Article 51(1), point (a): high impact capabilities, which under Article 51(2) are presumed where the cumulative amount of computation used for its training, measured in floating point operations, is greater than 10^25. The two-week period runs from the moment that requirement is met or it becomes known that it will be met. The second route to systemic risk, a Commission designation under Article 51(1), point (b), or Article 52(4), is not covered here: Article 52(1) refers only to point (a).
    • ExceptionFor general-purpose AI models placed on the market before 2 August 2025, Article 111(3) provides that the provider shall take the necessary steps to comply with the obligations of this Regulation by 2 August 2027. For those models the governing date is therefore 2 August 2027 and not the two-week period.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 52: notification of a GPAI model with systemic risk

    Consequence

  4. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 53: GPAI model providers

    Consequence

  5. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 54(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 3(5)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allApplies where the model qualifies as a general-purpose AI model within the meaning of Article 3(63), its provider is established in a third country, and that model is placed on the Union market. The appointment is made by written mandate within the meaning of Article 3(5), which is not only given but also accepted, and it is made before the model is placed on the market. The moment at which the latter occurs is fixed less sharply for a model than for a system; see the editorial interpretation.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the appointment duty applies from that moment. Providers of models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 shall, under Article 111(3), take the necessary steps to comply with the obligations of the Regulation by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionParagraph 6 excludes the obligation for providers of AI models released under a free and open-source licence that allows access, usage, modification and distribution, and whose parameters, including the weights, the information on the model architecture and the information on model usage, are made publicly available. That exception falls away as soon as the model presents a systemic risk. Whether a given release qualifies is a factual test that has not been settled anywhere; we read it narrowly, so a partially public release does not qualify.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 54: authorised representative of a provider of a GPAI model

    Consequence

  6. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 55(1)-(2) with Article 51 and Article 52

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe GPAI model has high-impact capabilities, presumed above 10^25 FLOPs of cumulative training compute, or is designated by the Commission.
    • ExceptionThe GPAI Code of Practice can, following the adequacy assessment, serve as a means to demonstrate compliance.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Article 55: GPAI models with systemic risk

    Consequence

Objects that are about this role

12 of 55 shown

The object is about this role. Undifferentiated: it does not follow that the duty rests on this role.

  1. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 54(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 3(5)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allTo be carried out before the model is placed on the Union market, and to be revisited on every change to the model, to the provider establishment or to the licence under which the model is released. For models placed on the market before 2 August 2025, the Article 111(3) period runs until 2 August 2027.

    Relation recorded on: Appoint an authorised representative and record the mandate

    Consequence

  2. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 55(1)-(2) with Article 51 and Article 52

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: Perform model evaluations and risk mitigation

    Consequence

  3. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 99(1)-(11)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (38)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113, third paragraph, point (b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (40)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 101(1)-(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 100(1)-(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (32)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allTo be done as soon as your obligations register exists, and to be revisited on every amendment of the Regulation and on every change to the national penalty regime of a Member State in which you operate. No deadline attaches to it: this is an editorial recommendation.

    Relation recorded on: Assign to each obligation the penalty ceiling that belongs to it

    Consequence

  4. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 56(1)-(9)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point (21), replacing Article 56(6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allArises when you place a general-purpose AI model on the Union market, and again whenever a code of practice is reviewed or adapted.

    Relation recorded on: Take and record the decision whether you adhere to a code of practice

    Consequence

  5. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: Maintain GPAI documentation and transparency information

    Consequence

  6. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allYou are a provider of a general-purpose AI model placed on the Union market.
    • ExceptionArticle 53(2) exempts providers of models released under a free and open-source licence whose parameters and related information are publicly available from points (a) and (b) of paragraph 1. That exception does not apply to GPAI models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Assemble the downstream information package under Annex XII

    Consequence

  7. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allYou are a provider of a general-purpose AI model placed on the Union market.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exemption in Article 53(2) covers only points (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 and therefore leaves the point (c) copyright policy intact.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Implement rights-reservation detection inside your copyright policy

    Consequence

  8. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, points (17) and (18), amending Article 40(2) and Article 42

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 40(1) to (3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 41(1) to (3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 41(4), (5) and (6)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 42(1) and (2)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allArises when drawing up the technical documentation, on every substantial modification of the system or model, and whenever a reference is published in the Official Journal of the European Union or a common specification is established or repealed.

    Relation recorded on: Record per requirement which standard or specification you rely on, and justify every departure

    Consequence

  9. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 78(1)-(5)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allArises on every submission to a market surveillance authority, a notified body, the Commission or the AI Office, and on every registration part of which lands in the secure non-public section of the EU database.

    Relation recorded on: Mark and register what you submit to an authority or body

    Consequence

  10. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 52(1)-(6) with Article 51(1)-(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Recitals 111 to 113

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Guidelines for GPAI model providers

      Locator: Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025, Section 3.2 points (60) to (67) and Sections 3.2.1 and 3.2.2, points (68) to (71)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelines

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Articles 91-93, 101 and 113

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allTo be carried out within two weeks after the requirement in Article 51(1), point (a), is met or after it becomes known that it will be met, and to be revisited for every new model version that touches the threshold. For models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 the date in Article 111(3) applies.

    Relation recorded on: Notify the Commission within two weeks

    Consequence

  11. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point 6, inserting Article 4a: Article 4a(1), points (a) to (f), and Article 4a(2), points (a) and (b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point 6 (insertion) and point 9 (Article 10 amended, paragraph 5 deleted)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Article 1, point 2(b), replacing Article 2(7)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

      Locator: Recital 9, Article 4 (entry into force) and Article 1, point 40(a), replacing Article 113, third paragraph, point (a)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2026-1744

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allRelevant only where you actually rely on Article 4a. In that case to be recorded before the processing starts, together with the data protection impact assessment, and to be revisited on every change to the purpose, the dataset or the set of people with access.

    Relation recorded on: Justify and record your reliance on Article 4a

    Consequence

  12. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 52(1)-(6) with Article 51(1)-(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Recitals 111 to 113

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • Guidelines for GPAI model providers

      Locator: Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025, Section 3.2 points (60) to (67) and Sections 3.2.1 and 3.2.2, points (68) to (71)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelines

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Articles 91-93, 101 and 113

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allOnly available to the provider of a model designated by the Commission under Article 52(4), and only once six months have passed since the designation decision or since a decision to maintain the designation.

    Relation recorded on: Request reassessment after a designation

    Consequence

Open the full list in the explorer

The list there can be slightly wider than this group: the filter also counts the object itself, and for a role the broader role above it.

When this applies

No condition recorded on this object.

When this does not apply

No exception recorded on this object.

Referring to this object

Citation block

Copy this reference into your advice, article or file. The identifier, the version and the hash keep the statement findable later, even once the dataset has moved on.

Reference

Praxikon, "Provider of a GPAI model",
praxikon:eu:ai-act:actor:gpai-model-provider@1.0.0,
dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.2.0 (schema 1.5.0),
effective_at 2024-08-01T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z,
sha256 b7d30d797a24d785ce56151a6038c71211a66a2894277e0a39faab35f93f488b,
https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/actor/gpai-model-provider
(https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/entities?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aactor%3Agpai-model-provider&effective_at=2024-08-01&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en, accessed 2026-09-15)

Short form

praxikon:eu:ai-act:actor:gpai-model-provider@1.0.0 (sha256 b7d30d79)

BibTeX

@misc{praxikon-eu-ai-act-actor-gpai-model-provider-1-0-0,
  author       = {{Praxikon}},
  title        = {Provider of a GPAI model},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {1.0.0},
  number       = {praxikon:eu:ai-act:actor:gpai-model-provider},
  howpublished = {AI Act Change \& Evidence Graph, dataset 2.2.0, schema 1.5.0},
  note         = {effective_at 2024-08-01T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 b7d30d797a24d785ce56151a6038c71211a66a2894277e0a39faab35f93f488b},
  url          = {https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/actor/gpai-model-provider},
  urldate      = {2026-09-15},
  language     = {en}
}

CSL JSON

[
  {
    "id": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:actor:gpai-model-provider@1.0.0",
    "type": "dataset",
    "title": "Provider of a GPAI model",
    "container-title": "AI Act Change & Evidence Graph",
    "publisher": "Praxikon",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "number": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:actor:gpai-model-provider",
    "URL": "https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/actor/gpai-model-provider",
    "language": "en",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          8
        ]
      ]
    },
    "accessed": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          9,
          15
        ]
      ]
    },
    "note": "dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.2.0; schema 1.5.0; effective_at 2024-08-01T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 b7d30d797a24d785ce56151a6038c71211a66a2894277e0a39faab35f93f488b; retrieved_from https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/entities?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aactor%3Agpai-model-provider&effective_at=2024-08-01&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en; licence https://www.praxikon.com/nl/legal/terms"
  }
]

How to verify a reference later is set out in the methodology. Terms

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