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ObligationApplicablev1.0.0

Article 53: GPAI model providers

Documentation, information, copyright and transparency duties for providers of general-purpose AI models.

The official source remains authoritative. This is general information about obligations and not legal advice. See this object on the map

Address and citation

This object has an address of its own that is never renamed or reused. Store the identifier in your own file, not the title or the link.

Identifier
praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai
Payload hash (sha256)
55f22a1c21f936ec956fc61f7db4f29defb4524294046799c13af57745cd8b36

Citation line

Praxikon, "Article 53: GPAI model providers", praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai@1.0.0, dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0), effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-14T00:00:00.000Z, sha256 55f22a1c21f936ec956fc61f7db4f29defb4524294046799c13af57745cd8b36
Version
1.0.0
Legal time (effective_at)
2 August 2025
Knowledge time (known_at)
8 August 2026
Closed on
Not closed
Application date
2 August 2025
Topics
gpai

Review status: Placed against the official source (8 August 2026). Next check due by 4 February 2027. The check date is the knowledge date of this version; no later recheck has been recorded.

Who must act and who is affected

On an obligation the addressee is recorded separately from the party that is merely affected. That difference decides who a supervisory authority addresses and who has work to do without the duty resting on them.

Duty holder

Affected actor

Not recorded on this object.

Oversight

Not recorded on this object.

Evidence owner

What this object links to

Every relation appears below as a path: from the source with its locator, through the conditions and exceptions of the object carrying the relation, to the consequence. A locator belongs to a statement in the data and not to a relation, so the source is the source anchor of the carrying object.

Who carries the duty

1 of 1 shown

The duty rests on this role. A supervisory authority addresses this role when it is not met.

  1. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Consequence

Who owns the evidence

1 of 1 shown

This duty holder creates, maintains and can produce the evidence.

  1. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Consequence

What has to be done

1 of 1 shown

This is what concretely has to be done under the obligation.

  1. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Consequence

What has to be recorded

1 of 1 shown

This is what has to be in the file to show that the action was carried out.

  1. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Consequence

What keeps it in place

1 of 1 shown

This is what keeps compliance in place over time, periodic or event-driven.

  1. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Consequence

Public tools

1 of 1 shown

This is the public route a reader can actually use.

  1. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allThe party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
    • Condition | any ofFor models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Consequence

What points at this object

Objects hanging off this obligation

12 of 21 shown

The object belongs to this obligation. The source line it hangs off sits there.

  1. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: Maintain GPAI documentation and transparency information

    Consequence

  2. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allYou are a provider of a general-purpose AI model placed on the Union market.
    • ExceptionArticle 53(2) exempts providers of models released under a free and open-source licence whose parameters and related information are publicly available from points (a) and (b) of paragraph 1. That exception does not apply to GPAI models with systemic risk.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Assemble the downstream information package under Annex XII

    Consequence

  3. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allYou are a provider of a general-purpose AI model placed on the Union market.
    • ExceptionThe open-source exemption in Article 53(2) covers only points (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 and therefore leaves the point (c) copyright policy intact.

    As long as this exception is not ruled out, the outcome stays conditional and you have to establish it yourself.

    Relation recorded on: Implement rights-reservation detection inside your copyright policy

    Consequence

  4. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • General-Purpose AI Code of Practice

      Locator: Code of Practice for General-Purpose AI, 10 July 2025

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:gpai-code-of-practice

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: General-Purpose AI Code of Practice published

    Consequence

  5. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • Guidelines for GPAI model providers

      Locator: Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelines

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: Guidelines on the scope of the GPAI obligations

    Consequence

  6. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Articles 53 to 55 and Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: GPAI model obligations apply

    Consequence

  7. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Articles 91-93, 101 and 113

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: GPAI enforcement powers active

    Consequence

  8. Source

    Official fact on this object, with its locator.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 111(3)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: Legacy GPAI models must comply

    Consequence

  9. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allYou are a provider of a general-purpose AI model placed on the Union market.

    Relation recorded on: Half-yearly review of whether your chosen compliance route still covers you

    Consequence

  10. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: GPAI documentation change control

    Consequence

  11. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    No condition or exception recorded on this object.

    Relation recorded on: GPAI compliance file

    Consequence

  12. Source

    This object carries no official fact of its own. The source line below sits on the obligation it hangs off; the link itself is recorded editorially.

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

      Locator: Article 113(3)(b)

      praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689

      Open official source

    Via

    • Condition | allYou place or make available more than one version of the same GPAI model on the Union market.

    Relation recorded on: Model version register listing the changed Annex XI and XII elements per version

    Consequence

Open the full list in the explorer

The list there can be slightly wider than this group: the filter also counts the object itself, and for a role the broader role above it.

What this object states

Official fact

Attributable to a named primary source, with a locator. Where they differ, the official source prevails.

  • Article 53 applies since 2 August 2025 to new GPAI models. Providers maintain technical documentation, provide information to downstream providers, operate a Union copyright policy and publish a sufficiently detailed summary of training content.

    • Locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XIIpraxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689Open official source

  • Providers of GPAI models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply with the applicable obligations by 2 August 2027.

Our interpretation

Our own reading. It can change without the law changing, and it is not the position of a supervisory authority.

  • An organisation merely using an external GPAI model does not thereby automatically become a GPAI model provider. First determine its role in the value chain.

    • Locator: Scope and provider qualification guidancepraxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelinesOpen official source

Recommended step

A practical step we consider appropriate. Not an obligation following from the Regulation.

  • Record model versions, role qualification, documentation owners, downstream information, copyright policy and training summary in one change-controlled file.

    • Locator: Article 53 and Annexes XI-XIIpraxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689Open official source

When this applies

  1. 1The party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
  2. 2For models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.

When this does not apply

  • The open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.

Referring to this object

Citation block

Copy this reference into your advice, article or file. The identifier, the version and the hash keep the statement findable later, even once the dataset has moved on.

Reference

Praxikon, "Article 53: GPAI model providers",
praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai@1.0.0,
dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0),
effective_at 2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z,
sha256 55f22a1c21f936ec956fc61f7db4f29defb4524294046799c13af57745cd8b36,
https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/obligation/article-53-gpai
(https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aarticle-53-gpai&effective_at=2025-08-02&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en, accessed 2026-08-23)

Short form

praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai@1.0.0 (sha256 55f22a1c)

BibTeX

@misc{praxikon-eu-ai-act-obligation-article-53-gpai-1-0-0,
  author       = {{Praxikon}},
  title        = {Article 53: GPAI model providers},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {1.0.0},
  number       = {praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai},
  howpublished = {AI Act Change \& Evidence Graph, dataset 2.1.0, schema 1.4.0},
  note         = {effective_at 2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 55f22a1c21f936ec956fc61f7db4f29defb4524294046799c13af57745cd8b36},
  url          = {https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/obligation/article-53-gpai},
  urldate      = {2026-08-23},
  language     = {en}
}

CSL JSON

[
  {
    "id": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai@1.0.0",
    "type": "dataset",
    "title": "Article 53: GPAI model providers",
    "container-title": "AI Act Change & Evidence Graph",
    "publisher": "Praxikon",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "number": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai",
    "URL": "https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/obligation/article-53-gpai",
    "language": "en",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          8
        ]
      ]
    },
    "accessed": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          23
        ]
      ]
    },
    "note": "dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0; schema 1.4.0; effective_at 2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 55f22a1c21f936ec956fc61f7db4f29defb4524294046799c13af57745cd8b36; retrieved_from https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aarticle-53-gpai&effective_at=2025-08-02&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en; licence https://www.praxikon.com/nl/legal/terms"
  }
]

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