DefinitionIn forcev1.0.0

Testing data

Data for an independent evaluation confirming expected performance, which must take place beforehand: before the system is placed on the market or put into service.

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Address and citation

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Identifier: praxikon:eu:ai-act:definition:definitie-testdata
Payload hash (sha256): 391375ba99e7c076813061d93db1fcfa0ac49f2c5e52448359b0abf0830367e7

Citation line

Praxikon, "Testing data", praxikon:eu:ai-act:definition:definitie-testdata@1.0.0, dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0), effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-14T00:00:00.000Z, sha256 391375ba99e7c076813061d93db1fcfa0ac49f2c5e52448359b0abf0830367e7

Version: 1.0.0
Legal time (effective_at): 8 August 2026
Knowledge time (known_at): 8 August 2026
Closed on: Not closed
Application date: 1 August 2024
Topics: definitions

Review status: Placed against the official source (8 August 2026). Next check due by 4 February 2027. The check date is the knowledge date of this version; no later recheck has been recorded.

What this object links to

Every relation appears below as a path: from the source with its locator, through the conditions and exceptions of the object carrying the relation, to the consequence. A locator belongs to a statement in the data and not to a relation, so the source is the source anchor of the carrying object.

What this object is about

1 of 1 shown

The object is about this role. Undifferentiated: it does not follow that the duty rests on this role.

Source
Official fact on this object, with its locator.
- EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689
  Locator: Article 3(32)
  praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689
  Open official source
Via
No condition or exception recorded on this object.
Consequence
- ActorProvider of an AI system
  praxikon:eu:ai-act:actor:provider

What this object states

Official fact

Attributable to a named primary source, with a locator. Where they differ, the official source prevails.

Article 3(32) defines testing data as data used for providing an independent evaluation of the AI system in order to confirm the expected performance of that system before its placing on the market or putting into service.
- Locator: Article 3(32)praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689Open official source

Our interpretation

Our own reading. It can change without the law changing, and it is not the position of a supervisory authority.

Two words carry this definition: independent and before. Independent means the testing data must not have been used in training or tuning; the moment you go back and adjust the model based on the test results, your test set is contaminated and you need a new one. Before means the confirmation happens in advance, not as a reconstruction after a supervisor asks. In practice this fails most often with continuously updated systems: every substantial modification calls for a fresh independent confirmation, not a reference to last year's measurement. For high-risk systems this bites from 2 December 2027 (Annex III) and 2 August 2028 (Annex I).
- Locator: Article 3(32)praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689Open official source

Recommended step

A practical step we consider appropriate. Not an obligation following from the Regulation.

Keep the test set sealed off and separated from the development team, and record the measurement results per relevant subgroup, with date, model version and the metric used. Tie every substantial modification to a fresh testing round and note who performed the evaluation.
- Locator: Article 3(32)praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:reg-eu-2024-1689Open official source

When this applies

No condition recorded on this object.

When this does not apply

No exception recorded on this object.

Referring to this object

Citation block

Copy this reference into your advice, article or file. The identifier, the version and the hash keep the statement findable later, even once the dataset has moved on.

Reference

Praxikon, "Testing data",
praxikon:eu:ai-act:definition:definitie-testdata@1.0.0,
dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0),
effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z,
sha256 391375ba99e7c076813061d93db1fcfa0ac49f2c5e52448359b0abf0830367e7,
https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/definition/definitie-testdata
(https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/entities?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Adefinition%3Adefinitie-testdata&effective_at=2026-08-08&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en, accessed 2026-08-25)

Short form

praxikon:eu:ai-act:definition:definitie-testdata@1.0.0 (sha256 391375ba)

BibTeX

@misc{praxikon-eu-ai-act-definition-definitie-testdata-1-0-0,
  author       = {{Praxikon}},
  title        = {Testing data},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {1.0.0},
  number       = {praxikon:eu:ai-act:definition:definitie-testdata},
  howpublished = {AI Act Change \& Evidence Graph, dataset 2.1.0, schema 1.4.0},
  note         = {effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 391375ba99e7c076813061d93db1fcfa0ac49f2c5e52448359b0abf0830367e7},
  url          = {https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/definition/definitie-testdata},
  urldate      = {2026-08-25},
  language     = {en}
}

CSL JSON

[
  {
    "id": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:definition:definitie-testdata@1.0.0",
    "type": "dataset",
    "title": "Testing data",
    "container-title": "AI Act Change & Evidence Graph",
    "publisher": "Praxikon",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "number": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:definition:definitie-testdata",
    "URL": "https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/definition/definitie-testdata",
    "language": "en",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          8
        ]
      ]
    },
    "accessed": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          25
        ]
      ]
    },
    "note": "dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0; schema 1.4.0; effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 391375ba99e7c076813061d93db1fcfa0ac49f2c5e52448359b0abf0830367e7; retrieved_from https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/entities?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Adefinition%3Adefinitie-testdata&effective_at=2026-08-08&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en; licence https://www.praxikon.com/nl/legal/terms"
  }
]

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