Skip to main content
Praxikon
Comparisons

Comparison

GPAI versus high-risk: the model or the use

The difference

Article 53 is about the model: whoever places a general-purpose AI model on the market has to keep documentation and make information available to downstream providers and to the AI Office. Annex III is about the use: an AI system is high-risk when it is used in one of the listed areas, whatever model sits underneath it.

The official source remains authoritative. This is general interpretation and not legal advice about your situation.

The fields side by side

Every row comes from the objects themselves. Where a field is empty, it says so; we do not fill in an assumption where the source is silent.

Status

Article 53, the model
Applicable
Annex III, the use
Upcoming

Applies from

Article 53, the model
2 August 2025
Annex III, the use
2 December 2027

Who carries the duty

Article 53, the model
Provider of a GPAI model
Annex III, the use
Provider of an AI system

Who is affected

Article 53, the model
Not recorded
Annex III, the use
Deployer

Who supervises

Article 53, the model
Not recorded
Annex III, the use
Not recorded

When this applies

Article 53, the model
The party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market. For models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
Annex III, the use
The intended purpose falls within a use case listed in Annex III. Classification follows Article 6(2).

Exceptions

Article 53, the model
The open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.
Annex III, the use
A listed Annex III system may fall outside high-risk under the strict conditions in Article 6(3), except where it profiles. The assessment and registration must be documented.

First actions

Article 53, the model
Maintain GPAI documentation and transparency information
Annex III, the use
Classify the use case and document the outcome

Evidence that belongs with it

Article 53, the model
GPAI compliance file
Annex III, the use
Article 6 and Annex III classification record

Control

Article 53, the model
GPAI documentation change control
Annex III, the use
Reclassification on purpose or context change

Version and review status

Article 53, the model
v1.0.0, placed against the official source
Annex III, the use
v1.0.0, placed against the official source
Article 53: GPAI model providersAnnex III: high-risk AI

Official sources and locators

Per side, the provisions the statements above rest on.

Article 53, the model

Annex III, the use

  • Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744

    Locator: Amended Article 113, Article 6(2) and Annex III application date

    Open official source

  • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

    Locator: Article 6 and Annex III

    Open official source

  • EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689

    Locator: Article 6(2)-(4), Article 49 and Annex III

    Open official source

Referring to these two objects

Each side has its own stable identifier, version and hash. Take them separately; you cite a comparison by citing the two objects.

Referring to this object

Citation block

Copy this reference into your advice, article or file. The identifier, the version and the hash keep the statement findable later, even once the dataset has moved on.

Reference

Praxikon, "Article 53: GPAI model providers",
praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai@1.0.0,
dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0),
effective_at 2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z,
sha256 55f22a1c21f936ec956fc61f7db4f29defb4524294046799c13af57745cd8b36,
https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/article-53-gpai
(https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aarticle-53-gpai&effective_at=2025-08-02&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en, accessed 2026-08-24)

Short form

praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai@1.0.0 (sha256 55f22a1c)

BibTeX

@misc{praxikon-eu-ai-act-obligation-article-53-gpai-1-0-0,
  author       = {{Praxikon}},
  title        = {Article 53: GPAI model providers},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {1.0.0},
  number       = {praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai},
  howpublished = {AI Act Change \& Evidence Graph, dataset 2.1.0, schema 1.4.0},
  note         = {effective_at 2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 55f22a1c21f936ec956fc61f7db4f29defb4524294046799c13af57745cd8b36},
  url          = {https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/article-53-gpai},
  urldate      = {2026-08-24},
  language     = {en}
}

CSL JSON

[
  {
    "id": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai@1.0.0",
    "type": "dataset",
    "title": "Article 53: GPAI model providers",
    "container-title": "AI Act Change & Evidence Graph",
    "publisher": "Praxikon",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "number": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai",
    "URL": "https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/article-53-gpai",
    "language": "en",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          8
        ]
      ]
    },
    "accessed": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          24
        ]
      ]
    },
    "note": "dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0; schema 1.4.0; effective_at 2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 55f22a1c21f936ec956fc61f7db4f29defb4524294046799c13af57745cd8b36; retrieved_from https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aarticle-53-gpai&effective_at=2025-08-02&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en; licence https://www.praxikon.com/nl/legal/terms"
  }
]

How to verify a reference later is set out in the methodology. Terms

Referring to this object

Citation block

Copy this reference into your advice, article or file. The identifier, the version and the hash keep the statement findable later, even once the dataset has moved on.

Reference

Praxikon, "Annex III: high-risk AI",
praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:annex-iii-high-risk@1.0.0,
dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0),
effective_at 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z,
sha256 c0afd1789ed393ba3f9ce04205bd74b4831ff0fd58146108fdd8dd08d2f4f6c9,
https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/annex-iii-high-risk
(https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aannex-iii-high-risk&effective_at=2026-07-27&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en, accessed 2026-08-24)

Short form

praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:annex-iii-high-risk@1.0.0 (sha256 c0afd178)

BibTeX

@misc{praxikon-eu-ai-act-obligation-annex-iii-high-risk-1-0-0,
  author       = {{Praxikon}},
  title        = {Annex III: high-risk AI},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {1.0.0},
  number       = {praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:annex-iii-high-risk},
  howpublished = {AI Act Change \& Evidence Graph, dataset 2.1.0, schema 1.4.0},
  note         = {effective_at 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 c0afd1789ed393ba3f9ce04205bd74b4831ff0fd58146108fdd8dd08d2f4f6c9},
  url          = {https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/annex-iii-high-risk},
  urldate      = {2026-08-24},
  language     = {en}
}

CSL JSON

[
  {
    "id": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:annex-iii-high-risk@1.0.0",
    "type": "dataset",
    "title": "Annex III: high-risk AI",
    "container-title": "AI Act Change & Evidence Graph",
    "publisher": "Praxikon",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "number": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:annex-iii-high-risk",
    "URL": "https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/annex-iii-high-risk",
    "language": "en",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          8
        ]
      ]
    },
    "accessed": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          24
        ]
      ]
    },
    "note": "dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0; schema 1.4.0; effective_at 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 c0afd1789ed393ba3f9ce04205bd74b4831ff0fd58146108fdd8dd08d2f4f6c9; retrieved_from https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aannex-iii-high-risk&effective_at=2026-07-27&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en; licence https://www.praxikon.com/nl/legal/terms"
  }
]

How to verify a reference later is set out in the methodology. Terms

Execution

Get from your supplier what you have to be able to show yourself

When the duty sits with another party in the chain, you need information from that party that you cannot produce yourself. Praxikon does not carry that out; Embed AI translates it into what belongs in the contract and in the supplier documentation.

See the Embed AI approach

Other comparisons

Unsure about your role itself rather than the duties that come with it? Work out whether you are a provider or a deployer