ExampleGuidancev1.0.0

Heavy fine-tuning makes you the model provider

A European scale-up fine-tunes an existing general-purpose AI model for its own product, using more compute than one third of the compute used to train the original model.

The official source remains authoritative. This is general information about obligations and not legal advice. See this object on the map

Address and citation

This object has an address of its own that is never renamed or reused. Store the identifier in your own file, not the title or the link.

Identifier: praxikon:eu:ai-act:example:example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel
Payload hash (sha256): 19885d3f717598c8a1aee1069d8562064fc5cf9be2478635082ec52171301dd6

Citation line

Praxikon, "Heavy fine-tuning makes you the model provider", praxikon:eu:ai-act:example:example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel@1.0.0, dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0), effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-14T00:00:00.000Z, sha256 19885d3f717598c8a1aee1069d8562064fc5cf9be2478635082ec52171301dd6

Version: 1.0.0
Legal time (effective_at): 8 August 2026
Knowledge time (known_at): 8 August 2026
Closed on: Not closed
Topics: examples

Review status: Placed against the official source (8 August 2026). Next check due by 4 February 2027. The check date is the knowledge date of this version; no later recheck has been recorded.

What this object links to

Every relation appears below as a path: from the source with its locator, through the conditions and exceptions of the object carrying the relation, to the consequence. A locator belongs to a statement in the data and not to a relation, so the source is the source anchor of the carrying object.

The obligation this hangs off

1 of 1 shown

The object belongs to this obligation. The source line it hangs off sits there.

Source
Official fact on this object, with its locator.
- Guidelines for GPAI model providers
  Locator: Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025, scope of the obligations for GPAI model providers
  praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelines
  Open official source
Via
No condition or exception recorded on this object.
Consequence
- ObligationArticle 53: GPAI model providers
  praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-53-gpai

What this object is about

1 of 1 shown

The object is about this role. Undifferentiated: it does not follow that the duty rests on this role.

Source
Official fact on this object, with its locator.
- Guidelines for GPAI model providers
  Locator: Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025, scope of the obligations for GPAI model providers
  praxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelines
  Open official source
Via
No condition or exception recorded on this object.
Consequence
- ActorProvider of an AI system
  praxikon:eu:ai-act:actor:provider

What this object states

Official fact

Attributable to a named primary source, with a locator. Where they differ, the official source prevails.

The Commission guidelines on the scope of the GPAI obligations address this case when determining when someone becomes a model provider themselves. The document is non-binding.
- Locator: Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025, scope of the obligations for GPAI model providerspraxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelinesOpen official source

Our interpretation

Our own reading. It can change without the law changing, and it is not the position of a supervisory authority.

Estimate your fine-tuning compute against the original model before you start, because exceeding one third of it makes you the provider, with documentation, copyright and training-content duties limited to your modification.
- Locator: Commission Guidelines C(2025) 5045 final, 18.7.2025, scope of the obligations for GPAI model providerspraxikon:eu:ai-act:source:commission-gpai-guidelinesOpen official source

When this applies

No condition recorded on this object.

When this does not apply

No exception recorded on this object.

Referring to this object

Citation block

Copy this reference into your advice, article or file. The identifier, the version and the hash keep the statement findable later, even once the dataset has moved on.

Reference

Praxikon, "Heavy fine-tuning makes you the model provider",
praxikon:eu:ai-act:example:example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel@1.0.0,
dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0),
effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z,
sha256 19885d3f717598c8a1aee1069d8562064fc5cf9be2478635082ec52171301dd6,
https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/example/example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel
(https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/entities?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aexample%3Aexample-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel&effective_at=2026-08-08&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en, accessed 2026-08-25)

Short form

praxikon:eu:ai-act:example:example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel@1.0.0 (sha256 19885d3f)

BibTeX

@misc{praxikon-eu-ai-act-example-example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel-1-0-0,
  author       = {{Praxikon}},
  title        = {Heavy fine-tuning makes you the model provider},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {1.0.0},
  number       = {praxikon:eu:ai-act:example:example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel},
  howpublished = {AI Act Change \& Evidence Graph, dataset 2.1.0, schema 1.4.0},
  note         = {effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 19885d3f717598c8a1aee1069d8562064fc5cf9be2478635082ec52171301dd6},
  url          = {https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/example/example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel},
  urldate      = {2026-08-25},
  language     = {en}
}

CSL JSON

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    "type": "dataset",
    "title": "Heavy fine-tuning makes you the model provider",
    "container-title": "AI Act Change & Evidence Graph",
    "publisher": "Praxikon",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "number": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:example:example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel",
    "URL": "https://www.praxikon.com/en/verkenner/example/example-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel",
    "language": "en",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
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        ]
      ]
    },
    "accessed": {
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        [
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      ]
    },
    "note": "dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0; schema 1.4.0; effective_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 19885d3f717598c8a1aee1069d8562064fc5cf9be2478635082ec52171301dd6; retrieved_from https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/entities?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aexample%3Aexample-finetunen-boven-de-compute-drempel&effective_at=2026-08-08&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en; licence https://www.praxikon.com/nl/legal/terms"
  }
]

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