Enforcement
100 million euro fine for MLU B.V. (Yango) for transfers to Russia
- Date
- Status
- status not established
- Body
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
- Reference
- AP-kenmerk 2025-005323 (besluit van 1 april 2026, gepubliceerd 8 mei 2026)
- Amount
- €100,000,000
What it is about
The Dutch DPA fined MLU B.V. 100 million euros. MLU is the legal successor of the dissolved Ridetech International B.V., the company behind the European Yango app. Personal data of drivers and customers in Norway and Finland went to Yandex.Taxi LLC and Yandex LLC in Russia. This included driving licence details, contact details and location data. Ridetech did not demonstrate that appropriate safeguards were in place. According to the DPA this breaches Articles 44 and 46 GDPR, read with Article 5(1)(a) and 5(2) GDPR. The infringement began on 23 May 2022 and was still ongoing when the decision was taken. The DPA also imposed a processing ban with immediate effect: the transfers to Russia must stop. The investigation was carried out jointly with the Norwegian and Finnish supervisory authorities.
What this means in practice
Transferring data to a country without an adequacy decision? Then you must be able to prove that you use a valid transfer tool. You must also be able to show that the data is equally well protected in practice. Pseudonymisation and encryption do not replace that when the recipient within the group holds the keys or has access. A legal successor remains liable for the breaches of a dissolved company. The fine can be calculated on the worldwide turnover of the whole group.
The GDPR articles concerned
Source: Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, besluit boete Yangochecked on 15 September 2026
Summary and practical reading by Praxikon. Not legal advice; the source prevails.
Connections
What connects to this development
Themes where this returns
The counterpart in the other law
- Article 10 AI Act: Data and data governance
- Article 11 AI Act: Technical documentation
via Keeping records: record of processing, technical documentation and logs
- Article 12 AI Act: Record-keeping
via Keeping records: record of processing, technical documentation and logs
- Article 18 AI Act: Documentation keeping
via Keeping records: record of processing, technical documentation and logs
- Article 19 AI Act: Automatically generated logs
via Keeping records: record of processing, technical documentation and logs
- Article 26 AI Act: Obligations of deployers of high-risk AI systems
via Keeping records: record of processing, technical documentation and logs
Case law8 of 11
- Schrems II: Privacy Shield invalid, transfers under standard clauses only with essentially equivalent protection
2020-07-16 · final, Hof van Justitie van de EU (Grote kamer), Data Protection Commissioner tegen Facebook Ireland Ltd en Maximillian Schrems
- Noord-Nederland District Court upholds DPA fine for village livestream, reduces it to 375 euros
2025-01-09 · status not established, Rechtbank Noord-Nederland
- Schrems v Meta: no unlimited retention and aggregation of data for targeted advertising
2024-10-04 · final, Hof van Justitie van de EU (Vierde kamer), Maximilian Schrems tegen Meta Platforms Ireland Limited
- Council of State: 600,000 euro fine for wifi tracking in Enschede stays annulled
2026-07-29 · final, Raad van State, Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak
- Gelderland District Court: bankruptcy trustee is controller, DPA fine for unsecured hard drive cut to 58,125 euros
2025-08-07 · status not established, Rechtbank Gelderland
- Mousse: asking for Mr or Ms when selling a train ticket is not necessary
2025-01-09 · final, Hof van Justitie van de EU (Eerste kamer), Mousse tegen Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) en SNCF Connect
- Overijssel District Court revokes DPA fine for wifi tracking in Enschede
2024-02-02 · final, Rechtbank Overijssel
- Interim relief judge: DPA must redact fine amount when giving an enforcement decision to complainants
2024-05-31 · status not established, Rechtbank Den Haag, voorzieningenrechter (kort geding, team handel)
Guidelines8 of 10
- Guidelines 05/2021 on the Interplay between the application of Article 3 and the provisions on international transfers as per Chapter V of the GDPR
2023-02-14 · final, European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
- Recommendations 01/2020 on measures that supplement transfer tools to ensure compliance with the EU level of protection of personal data
2021-06-18 · final, European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
- Guidelines 02/2026 on Anonymisation
2026-07-07 · under consultation, European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
- Opinion 28/2024 on certain data protection aspects related to the processing of personal data in the context of AI models
2024-12-17 · final, European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
- Guidelines 4/2019 on Article 25 Data Protection by Design and by Default
2020-10-20 · final, European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
- Guidelines 03/2026 on web scraping in the context of generative AI
2026-07-07 · under consultation, European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
- Guidelines 1/2024 on processing of personal data based on Article 6(1)(f) GDPR (legitimate interest)
2024-10-08 · adopted, European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
- Guidelines 02/2025 on processing of personal data through blockchain technologies
2026-07-07 · final, European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
Enforcement and fines8 of 10
- 290 million euro fine for Uber over transfers of driver data to the US
2024-08-26 · under appeal, Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
- Dutch DPA and tennis federation KNLTB end litigation: fine cut from 525,000 to at most 250,000 euros
2025-10-18 · status not established, Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
- 600,000 euro fine for AS Watson (Kruidvat) over tracking cookies without consent
2024-05-02 · annulled, Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
- 500 euro fine and penalty order for Stichting Oud Lemmer over webcam livestream
2021-07-09 · status not established, Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
- DPA cuts Kruidvat fine to 50,000 euros on objection
2025-05-27 · status not established, Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
- Ten municipalities fined a total of 250,000 euros for unlawful files on Muslim residents
2026-02-03 · final, Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
- Experian Netherlands fined 2.7 million euros for credit scoring without legal basis or information
2025-10-16 · final, Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
- Coolblue fined 40,000 euros on objection for cookies without consent
2024-12-23 · status not established, Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
Legislation in motion
- Proposal: definition of scientific research, purpose limitation and information duty for research (Article 4(38), 5(1)(b) and 13(5) GDPR)
2025-11-19 · under negotiation, Europese Commissie
- Council: Cyprus Presidency tables negotiating mandate, Coreper vote of 26 June 2026 cancelled
2026-06-22 · under negotiation, Raad van de Europese Unie, Antici-groep (vereenvoudiging) en Coreper
- Commission publishes Digital Omnibus proposal COM(2025) 837
2025-11-19 · proposal, Europese Commissie