Comparison

Article 12 versus Article 72: logging and post-market monitoring

Article 12 is about the recording itself: a high-risk AI system has to log events automatically so that its behaviour can be traced afterwards. Article 72 is about what happens with that recording: after placing the system on the market the provider has to keep actively monitoring it and use what that produces.

The official source remains authoritative. This is general interpretation and not legal advice about your situation.

The fields side by side

Every row comes from the objects themselves. Where a field is empty, it says so; we do not fill in an assumption where the source is silent.

Article 12 versus Article 72: logging and post-market monitoring
Field	Article 12, recording	Article 72, monitoring
Status	Upcoming	Upcoming
Applies from	2 December 2027	2 December 2027
Who carries the duty	Provider of an AI system	Provider of an AI system
Who is affected	Deployer	Deployer
Who supervises	Not recorded	Not recorded
When this applies	The system is high-risk; the provider designs the logging, provider and deployer retain the logs under their control.	The provider has a high-risk system on the market; deployers supply the real-world data via monitoring and signals.
Exceptions	The retention period may be limited by Union or national law, including data protection.	The plan may be proportionate to the nature of the system and align with existing sectoral monitoring regimes.
First actions	Design logging into the system	Draw up a post-market monitoring plan
Evidence that belongs with it	Logs and retention regime	Monitoring plan and reports
Control	Periodic log review	Signal-to-action loop
Version and review status	v1.0.0, placed against the official source	v1.0.0, placed against the official source

Status

Article 12, recording: Upcoming
Article 72, monitoring: Upcoming

Applies from

Article 12, recording: 2 December 2027
Article 72, monitoring: 2 December 2027

Who carries the duty

Article 12, recording: Provider of an AI system
Article 72, monitoring: Provider of an AI system

Who is affected

Article 12, recording: Deployer
Article 72, monitoring: Deployer

Who supervises

Article 12, recording: Not recorded
Article 72, monitoring: Not recorded

When this applies

Article 12, recording: The system is high-risk; the provider designs the logging, provider and deployer retain the logs under their control.
Article 72, monitoring: The provider has a high-risk system on the market; deployers supply the real-world data via monitoring and signals.

Exceptions

Article 12, recording: The retention period may be limited by Union or national law, including data protection.
Article 72, monitoring: The plan may be proportionate to the nature of the system and align with existing sectoral monitoring regimes.

First actions

Article 12, recording: Design logging into the system
Article 72, monitoring: Draw up a post-market monitoring plan

Evidence that belongs with it

Article 12, recording: Logs and retention regime
Article 72, monitoring: Monitoring plan and reports

Control

Article 12, recording: Periodic log review
Article 72, monitoring: Signal-to-action loop

Version and review status

Article 12, recording: v1.0.0, placed against the official source
Article 72, monitoring: v1.0.0, placed against the official source

Article 12: logging and traceability Article 72: post-market monitoring

Official sources and locators

Per side, the provisions the statements above rest on.

Article 12, recording

EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689
Locator: Article 12, Article 19 and Article 26(6)
Open official source
Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744
Locator: Amended Article 113 application dates
Open official source

Article 72, monitoring

EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689
Locator: Article 72(1)-(4)
Open official source
Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744
Locator: Amended Article 113 application dates
Open official source

Referring to these two objects

Each side has its own stable identifier, version and hash. Take them separately; you cite a comparison by citing the two objects.

Referring to this object

Citation block

Copy this reference into your advice, article or file. The identifier, the version and the hash keep the statement findable later, even once the dataset has moved on.

Reference

Praxikon, "Article 12: logging and traceability",
praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-12-logging@1.0.0,
dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0),
effective_at 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z,
sha256 92daf8448d3471e5014ea66a2dc2731909f2689e5e3bdb243f49a75572002f20,
https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/article-12-logging
(https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aarticle-12-logging&effective_at=2026-07-27&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en, accessed 2026-08-24)

Short form

praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-12-logging@1.0.0 (sha256 92daf844)

BibTeX

@misc{praxikon-eu-ai-act-obligation-article-12-logging-1-0-0,
  author       = {{Praxikon}},
  title        = {Article 12: logging and traceability},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {1.0.0},
  number       = {praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-12-logging},
  howpublished = {AI Act Change \& Evidence Graph, dataset 2.1.0, schema 1.4.0},
  note         = {effective_at 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 92daf8448d3471e5014ea66a2dc2731909f2689e5e3bdb243f49a75572002f20},
  url          = {https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/article-12-logging},
  urldate      = {2026-08-24},
  language     = {en}
}

CSL JSON

[
  {
    "id": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-12-logging@1.0.0",
    "type": "dataset",
    "title": "Article 12: logging and traceability",
    "container-title": "AI Act Change & Evidence Graph",
    "publisher": "Praxikon",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "number": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-12-logging",
    "URL": "https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/article-12-logging",
    "language": "en",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          8
        ]
      ]
    },
    "accessed": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          24
        ]
      ]
    },
    "note": "dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0; schema 1.4.0; effective_at 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 92daf8448d3471e5014ea66a2dc2731909f2689e5e3bdb243f49a75572002f20; retrieved_from https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aarticle-12-logging&effective_at=2026-07-27&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en; licence https://www.praxikon.com/nl/legal/terms"
  }
]

How to verify a reference later is set out in the methodology. Terms

Referring to this object

Citation block

Copy this reference into your advice, article or file. The identifier, the version and the hash keep the statement findable later, even once the dataset has moved on.

Reference

Praxikon, "Article 72: post-market monitoring",
praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-72-post-market-monitoring@1.0.0,
dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0 (schema 1.4.0),
effective_at 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z, known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z,
sha256 b635803b8ca4eff99ebd690c91d90d1ffbbe107fee55345d457d855f2340e2a5,
https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/article-72-post-market-monitoring
(https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aarticle-72-post-market-monitoring&effective_at=2026-07-27&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en, accessed 2026-08-24)

Short form

praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-72-post-market-monitoring@1.0.0 (sha256 b635803b)

BibTeX

@misc{praxikon-eu-ai-act-obligation-article-72-post-market-monitoring-1-0-0,
  author       = {{Praxikon}},
  title        = {Article 72: post-market monitoring},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {1.0.0},
  number       = {praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-72-post-market-monitoring},
  howpublished = {AI Act Change \& Evidence Graph, dataset 2.1.0, schema 1.4.0},
  note         = {effective_at 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 b635803b8ca4eff99ebd690c91d90d1ffbbe107fee55345d457d855f2340e2a5},
  url          = {https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/article-72-post-market-monitoring},
  urldate      = {2026-08-24},
  language     = {en}
}

CSL JSON

[
  {
    "id": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-72-post-market-monitoring@1.0.0",
    "type": "dataset",
    "title": "Article 72: post-market monitoring",
    "container-title": "AI Act Change & Evidence Graph",
    "publisher": "Praxikon",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "number": "praxikon:eu:ai-act:obligation:article-72-post-market-monitoring",
    "URL": "https://www.praxikon.com/en/verplichtingen/article-72-post-market-monitoring",
    "language": "en",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          8
        ]
      ]
    },
    "accessed": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          24
        ]
      ]
    },
    "note": "dataset praxikon:sys:registry:dataset:ai-act-implementation-graph 2.1.0; schema 1.4.0; effective_at 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z; known_at 2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z; sha256 b635803b8ca4eff99ebd690c91d90d1ffbbe107fee55345d457d855f2340e2a5; retrieved_from https://www.praxikon.com/api/v1/obligations?id=praxikon%3Aeu%3Aai-act%3Aobligation%3Aarticle-72-post-market-monitoring&effective_at=2026-07-27&known_at=2026-08-08&lang=en; licence https://www.praxikon.com/nl/legal/terms"
  }
]

How to verify a reference later is set out in the methodology. Terms

Execution

Put the evidence where it will be asked for

Two duties that look alike rarely produce the same piece of evidence, and you notice that difference only once a supervisory authority or a client asks. Praxikon does not carry that out; Embed AI maps scope, ownership and recording per system.

See the Embed AI approach

Unsure about your role itself rather than the duties that come with it? Work out whether you are a provider or a deployer

The fields side by side

Official sources and locators

Article 12, recording

Article 72, monitoring

Referring to these two objects

Citation block

Citation block

Put the evidence where it will be asked for

Other comparisons